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Objective: To explore the clinical value of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of retroperitoneal tumors. Methods: The clinical data of 13 patients with retroperitoneal tumors treated with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The ablation effect was evaluated and the postoperative complications were observed. The changes of tumor volume before and after radiofrequency ablation were compared. Results: The symptoms of pain and dyspepsia were significantly improved after radiofrequency ablation, and the hospital stay was (9.2±2.9) days. The tumor was ablated completely in 10 cases, tumor residual in 1 case and tumor metastasis in 2 cases. One patient had postoperative duodenal perforation complicated with intra-abdominal infection, and no serious complications occurred in other patients. There were 20 lesions in 13 patients. The maximum diameter of 20 lesions before operation and 1, 3, 6 months after operation were (39.5±15.9) mm, (30.6±4.9)mm, (15.6±7.7) mm and (9.9±3.1) mm, respectively, the maximum diameters of 1, 3 and 6 months after operation were smaller than that before operation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation is a real-time, accurate, safe and effective minimally invasive treatment with few complications, and has a high clinical value for retroperitoneal tumors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Catheter Ablation , Radiofrequency Ablation , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, InterventionalABSTRACT
Esophageal cancer is a digestive tract malignancy with high morbidity and mortality and mainly occurs in males. The 5-year survival rate is lower than 20%. In China， the morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer rank the first in the world， seriously threatening national health. The pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is diverse， which is generally considered as the consequence of environmental-genetic-gene interaction. In addition to genetic factors and regional characteristics， gene mutation， RNA interference， DNA damage repair， tumor microenvironment， dietary habit， chronic adverse stimulation， and inflammatory reaction are all involved in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. However， there is no unified and accurate conclusion. Clarifying the exact pathogenesis of esophageal cancer is of great significance for its early screening， diagnosis， prevention， treatment， and prognosis. Surgery， radiotherapy， and chemotherapy are the three effective methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer. However， due to the atypical early symptoms， most patients have missed the best operation period when diagnosed， resulting in poor clinical prognosis. Moreover， radiotherapy and chemotherapy will cause side effects such as loss of appetite， low immune function， esophagitis， pneumonia， and malnutrition， which is not conducive to the prognosis and treatment maintenance of patients. With definite efficacies on esophageal cancer， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is flexible and diverse in the treatment， can primarily or alternatively be involved in the treatment of esophageal cancer. TCM can eliminate postoperative complications and postoperative infections and relieve adverse gastrointestinal reactions， weakened immune function， and organ damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It can enhance clinical efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients. Therefore， it is necessary to systematically summarize the clear pathogenesis or risk factors of esophageal cancer and review the clinical characteristics of TCM in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer to facilitate the early screening， diagnosis， and treatment of esophageal cancer and promote the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer and related adverse reactions.
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Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） is an important organelle responsible for protein， steroid， lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and calcium-dependent signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. ER homeostasis is essential for normal cell function. ER homeostasis imbalance can induce ER stress （ERS）， which participates in the occurrence and development of diseases of the digestive system， respiratory system， circulatory system， nervous system， reproductive system， and endocrine system， and affects body health. Among various diseases， cancers seriously endanger people′s health due to its high mortality rate， disability rate， and recurrence rate. Due to the survival characteristics of unlimited proliferation， tumor cells are often exposed to various internal and external stimuli such as hypoxia， ischemia， excessive proliferation， and starvation， which destroy intracellular protein balance and induce ERS to some extent for survival. ERS plays a major role in various tumors and has dual functions in the survival of tumor cells： promoting the survival of tumor cells by activating a series of adaptive responses， while inducing ERS-related apoptosis pathways， so as to promote tumor cell death and inhibit tumor growth and invasion. As multiple functions of ERS in tumors are reported， many scholars have tried to intervene in the progress of tumors from the perspective of ERS. The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on tumors has been widely recognized. TCM can participate in the regulation of tumors from many aspects， including ERS， chemoradiotherapy resistance， gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy， postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Since there are few reports on the antitumor effect of TCM from the perspective of ERS， this paper expounds the influence of ERS on tumorigenesis and development and the progress of TCM intervention in tumor through ERS， in order to provide a new direction for tumor treatment.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Method: Except the blank group, the remaining rats were injected with DHEA 0.06 mg·g-1 in the morning on the nucha and 1.5 U HCG in the afternoon for 21 consecutive days. On the 16th day after the modeling, the vaginal smear was performed to monitor the estrus cycle. Sixty rats with successful modeling were selected and divided into model group, dacin-35 group, and high, middle and low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups, with 10 rats in each group. On the day of grouping, drugs were given respectively to the drug treatment groups, and the blank group and the model group were given equal volume solvent. The drugs were given continuously for 21 days. Blood was collected from abdominal aorta 2 h later after the final administration, serum levels of testosterone (T), estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) were measured; rats were put to death, and the ovaries at the same part of each rat were fixed in 10% formalin solution. htoxylin eosin (HE) staining was performed, and the morphological changes in the ovaries were observed by light microscopy; the same part of the ovary was taken, and androgen receptor (AR), B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax) were measured in the ovary by immunohistochemistry to observe the expressions of relevant proteins in the ovary; the hypothalamus and pituitary were taken, and the expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hypothalamus and gonadorelin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in pituitary were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result: PCOS rat model was successfully replicated. Serum levels of T, E2 and LH were significantly reduced, and FSH level of PCOS was significantly increased in each drug treatment group (PPPPPPConclusion: The PCOS rat model was successfully replicated. Total flavonoids of dodder may play a protective role in PCOS model rats by regulating the secretion of androgen, inhibiting the expression of ovarian apoptotic protein and impacting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis pathway.
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Decoction pieces are the main body of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical medication. With the modernization of TCM medication, TCM formula granules have gradually developed and begun to take shape. Although there are processing forms of TCM injection and oral liquid, they only account for a small part of TCM market and are mainly taken orally. However, when oral administration of lipid soluble ingredients is conducted, the dissolution is limited and the absorption is relatively small. In addition, it has side effects of stimulating gastrointestinal tract, resulting in low tolerance of patients. Although there are topical preparations made by water extraction and alcohol extraction, most of them are crude preparations with random dosage, which results in the waste of lipid soluble components to a certain extent. Most of the lipid soluble components of TCM have good biological activities, such as schisandrin b, tanshinone, methyl chlorogenic acid, etc., but there is no suitable medicinal form. To make the best use of "medicine", it is necessary to systematically study the lipid soluble components of TCM. On the basis of fairly mature extraction, separation and collection processes, a medicinal form with definite pharmacological effect and beneficial to its absorption is developed based on lipid soluble components. TCM essential oil has anti-aging, anti-dementia, anti-oxidation and other activities, which has been widely used in clinical, cosmeceuticals, health products and other fields. However, the effect of single essential oil is limited. Compatibility can not only enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity, but also expand the application range of essential oil. Therefore, formula essential oil can be used as a new form of TCM, and mainly for external use, supplemented by internal use, to make up for the disadvantages of crude preparations and random dosing for external use of TCM, as well as the disadvantages of orally absorbed less and stimulated gastrointestinal tract, to meet the needs of clinical medication, faster, more accurate, better and stronger play the effect of lipid soluble components.
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Objective: To analyze the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and explore the mechanism of action.Method: The articlesabout TCM treatment for T2DM in CNKI and Wanfang Med Online were retrieved.The data was entered into Excel 2013 to set up a database,and the factor analysis,association rules and cluster analysis were used to analyze core medication combinations by SPSS Statistics 19.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.1.kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed using BATMAN-TCM to reveal the mechanism of action.Result: A total of 92 prescriptions were included,the high frequency medicines were Astragali Radix.The major properties of TCM were cold and plain.The major flavors of TCM were sweet and bitter.The major meridian tropism of TCM was livermeridian.These high frequency medicines were deficiency-nourishing herbs,and blood circulation-invigorating and stasis-eliminating herbs.Totally 6 core medication combinations were mined through association rules.Seven common factors were extracted from factor analysis.Clustering analysis was used to get 6 kinds of herbs.KEGG pathway analysis revealed 24 biological pathways and 6 diseases relating to T2DM.Conclusion: The most commonly used Astragali Radix for treating T2DM.In clinical,it can be combined with Poria,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Rehmanniae Radix for treating T2DM.At the same time,it can be combined with such herbs as deficiency-nourishing herbs,and blood circulation-invigorating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The mechanism of action of high-frequency herbs may be related to the targets of exophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (PDEs),adenosine A1 receptor gene 1(ADORA1),adenosine A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A),neuropetide second receptor (NPY2R),and endothelial carbon monoxide synthase (NOS3) by interfering with PI3K/Akt,starch and sucrose metabolism signaling pathways.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological reproductive endocrine and metabolic disorder disease. The clinical manifestations of PCOS are diversified, with and no ovulation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and polycystic ovaries as the main pathological and physiological changes, which can lead to non-ovulation infertility and ovulatory dysfunction infertility, cause complications, such as amenorrhea, diabetes, lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorder, and endanger the long-term health of the body. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) does not have the name of this disease, and classifies PCOS to the category of "amenorrhea", "infertility" and "abdominal mass kidney" according to its clinical manifestations. Compared with western medicine, TCM has a unique view in treating the disease, and believes that the disorders of liver, kidney and spleen functions jointly affect the occurrence and development of the disease. According to the literature review, kidney-deficiency syndrome is the main syndrome type of this disease, the kidney-tonifying method has achieved a good effect in clinic. Besides, the drug use is flexible and diversified, and both primary and secondary symptoms are taken into consideration. However, in the clinical application process, the application of kidney-tonifying method in PCOS has been affected by the thinking mode of "kidney-tonifying medicine for male diseases" to some extent. In view of this, the therapeutic effect of kidney-tonifying drugs in the treatment of PCOS is preliminarily demonstrated from several aspects of the relationship between kidney deficiency and reproduction, pathogenesis of PCOS, clinical research and experimental research of PCOS, in the expectation of providing theoretical and practical supports for kidney-tonifying therapy for PCOS and other gynecological diseases.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by letrozole. Method: Except the blank group, the other rats were given letrozole 1 mg·kg-1 for 21 consecutive days to replicate PCOS animal model. On the 16th day of the modeling, the estrous cycle was detected by vaginal smear, and rat with persistent keratinization of vaginal epithelial cells were selected as the PCOS model rat. The model rats were randomly divided into model group, Dacin-35 group, and high, middle, low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups. The corresponding drugs were given for 21 consecutive days. At the end of the administration, materials were collected to calculate ovary index, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of serum. The right ovary of rats was stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), and the pathological changes were observed by optical microscope. Androgen receptor(AR) expressions in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were detected by mmunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with the blank group, serum T, GnRH and LH levels, ovarian index and LH/FSH ratio were significantly increased, while FSH and E2 levels were significantly decreased (PPP2, T, GnRH and LH levels, ovarian index and LH/FSH ratio were significantly decreased in high, middle and low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups (P2 level was significantly increased (PP2 level in PCOS model rats was obviously increased in low-dose dodder total flavonoids group (PPConclusion: Dodder total flavonoids may play a protective role in PCOS model rats by regulating the secretion of estrogen and androgen and affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis pathway.